Michael+Faraday+Pezmo

Faraday's breakthrough came when he wrapped two insulated coils of wire around an iron ring, and found that upon passing a current through one coil, a momentary current was induced in the other coil this phenomenon is known as mutual induction. The iron ring-coil apparatus is still on display at the Royal Institution. In subsequent experiments he found that if he moved a magnet through a loop of wire, an electric current flowed in the wire. The current also flowed if the loop was moved over a stationary magnet. His demonstrations established that a changing magnetic field produces an electric field. This relation was modeled mathematically by James Clerk Maxwell as Faraday's law, which subsequently became one of the four Maxwell equations. These in turn have evolved into the generalization known today as field theory Faraday later used the principle to construct the electric dynamo, the ancestor of modern power generators. In 1839 he completed a series of experiments aimed at investigating the fundamental nature of electricity. Faraday used "static", batteries, and "animal electricity" to produce the phenomena of electrostatic attraction, electrolysis, magnetism, etc. He concluded that, contrary to scientific opinion of the time, the divisions between the various "kinds" of electricity were illusory. Faraday instead proposed that only single "electricity" exists, and the changing values of quantity and intensity (current and voltage) would produce different groups of phenomena. Faraday discovered that many materials exhibit a weak repulsion from a magnetic field **Diamagnetism** is the property of an object which causes it to create a magnetic field in opposition of an externally applied magnetic field, thus causing a repulsive effect. Specifically, an external magnetic field alters the orbital velocity of electrons around their nuclei, thus changing the magnetic dipole moment in the direction opposing the external field Faraday also found that the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light can be rotated by the application of an external magnetic field aligned in the direction the light is moving. This is now termed the Faraday Effect. He wrote in his notebook, "I have at last succeeded in //illuminating a magnetic curve// or //line of force// and in //magnetizing a ray of light//". This established that magnetic force and light were related.